解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::This paper presents an essentially new method used to construct phylogenetic trees from related amino acid sequences. The method is based on a new distance measure which describes sequence relationships by means of typical steric and physicochemical properties of the amino acids and is advantageous in some essential p...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160324
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of synonymous codon change and species divergence is described in a matrix formalism that is equally applicable to all levels of codon degeneracy and all levels of codon or nucleotide bias. Based on the formalism it is possible to calculate the sum of all synonymous substitution rate constants from the ob...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00186546
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to assess the roles of gene conversion followed by natural selection and balancing selection for point mutations in polymorphisms at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci, DNA sequences of several mammalian taxa were analyzed. Synonymous and nonsynonymous diversities were estimated separately for the an...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00170662
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glaucocystophyte algae (sensu Kies, Berl. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 92, 1979) contain plastids (cyanelles) that retain the peptidoglycan wall of the putative cyano-bacterial endosymbiont; this and other ultrastructural characters (e.g., unstacked thylakoids, phycobilisomes) have suggested that cyanelles are "primitive" plast...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00170674
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified and completely sequenced a novel plasmid isolated from the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. Evidence which suggests that the plasmid occurs localized within the bacterial endosymbionts is presented. The plasmid contains the four genes that constitute the entire leucine operon. This fact makes it really uni...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00174042
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protamine P1 genes have been sequenced following PCR amplification from 11 mammals representing five major mammalian orders: Rodentia (rat and guinea pig), Carnivora (cat and bear), Proboscidea (elephant), Perissodactyla (horse), and Artiodactyla (camel, deer, elk, moose, and gazelle). The predicted amino acid sequenc...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160507
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothetical Products from Noncoding Frames (i.e., HyPNoFs) are hypothetical, not-coded proteins, translated from alternate reading frames (i.e., coding + 1 and coding + 2) of cDNAs. HyPNoFs of CD4, PKC, oncostatin, bcl-2 proto-oncogene, tumor suppressor p53, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), and tumor n...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160503
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Trypanoplasma borelli, a representative of the Bodonina within the Kinetoplastida, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity was detected in both the cytosol and glycosomes. This situation is similar to that previously found in Trypanosomatidae, belonging to a different Kinetoplastida suborder. In T...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00164030
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial genetic variability in European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations present in Europe and North Africa from 11,000 years ago to the present day has been analyzed using ancient DNA techniques. DNA was extracted from 90 rabbit bones found in 22 archaeological sites dated between the Mesolithic a...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00163228
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the aim of elucidating the evolutionary processes of the kringle and protease domains in serine proteases which are involved with the system of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, we constructed phylogenetic trees for the kringle and protease domains, separately, by use of amino acid sequence data. The phylogenet...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00163238
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Response regulators of bacterial sensory transduction systems generally consist of receiver module domains covalently linked to effector domains. The effector domains include DNA binding and/or catalytic units that are regulated by sensor kinase-catalyzed aspartyl phosphorylation within their receiver modules. Most re...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00167109
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight new examples of retrotransposons of the Gypsy/Ty3 class have been identified in marine species. A 525-nt pol gene-coding region was amplified using degenerate primers from highly conserved regions and has extended the range of recognition of Gypsy/Ty3 far beyond those previously known. The following matrix shows...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00166592
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abortive cycling features transcription initiation by RNA polymerase in both prokaryote and eukaryote. It is known that T7 RNA polymerase produces abortive transcripts up to eight ribonucleotides in length depending on the initial sequence of the DNA message. On the other hand, T7 RNA polymerase initiates DNA replicat...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160407
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catalyzed polymerization reactions represent a primary anabolic activity of all cells. It can be assumed that early cells carried out such reactions, in which macromolecular catalysts were encapsulated within some type of boundary membrane. In the experiments described here, we show that a template-independent RNA pol...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160400
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phylogenetic relationships among Primates (human), Artiodactyla (cow), Cetacea (whale), Carnivora (seal), and Rodentia (mouse and rat) were estimated from the inferred amino acid sequences of the mitochondrial genomes using Marsupialia (opossum), Aves (chicken), and Amphibia (Xenopus) as an outgroup. The overall e...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00173421
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana has been determined. It extends the present knowledge of mitochondrial genomes to the crustacean class and supplies molecular markers for future comparative studies in this large branch of the arthropod phylum. Artemia mtDNA is 15,...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160272
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fish protamines are highly specialized molecules which are responsible for chromatin condensation during the last stages of spermatogenesis (spermiogenesis). However, not all fish contain protamines in their sperm nuclei; rather, there seems to be a random distribution of protamines within this group. The origin of th...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160152
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a new approach for analyzing directional mutation pressure and nucleotide content in protein-coding genes. Directional mutation pressure, the heterogenicity in the likelihood of different nucleotide substitutions, is used to explain the increasing or decreasing guanine-cytosine content (GC%) in DNA and is r...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00163805
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sequence comparisons of 14 distinct MHC class I cDNA clones isolated from species representing the three major taxonomic lineages of Felidae (domestic cat lineage, ocelot lineage, and pantherine lineage) revealed that feline MHC class I alleles have highly mosaic structures with short polymorphic sequence motifs that ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00178246
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::All complete retrovirus sequences in the GenEMBL database were examined with the goal of assessing possible relationships between the nucleotide composition of retroviral genomes, the amino acid composition of retroviral proteins, and evolutionary strategies used by retroviruses. The results demonstrated that the geno...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00178851
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Algae are a heterogeneous group of photosynthetic eukaryotes traditionally separated into three major subdivisions: rhodophytes, chlorophytes, and chromophytes. The evolutionary origin of rhodophytes or red algae and their links to other photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes have been a matter of much contro...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00163149
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the nucleotide and amino acid sequence variation of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) gene from 25 primates (4 hominoids, 8 Old World monkeys, 2 New World monkeys, 2 tarsiers, 7 lemuriforms, 2 lorisiforms). Marginal support was found for three phylogenetic conclusions: (1) sister-group relationshi...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00176084
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human Rh blood group locus consists of two structurally related genes (D and CcEe) in Rh-positive haplotypes but a single gene (CcEe) in Rh-negative haplotypes. The genome of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), while not expressing any of the human Rh D, C, c, E, or e specificities, carries a Rh-like locus strongly r...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00166163
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::From the cloned mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) isolated from two bisexual species, one Mediterranean, Artemia salina, and one American, Artemia franciscana, and two parthenogenetic (diploid and tetraploid) strains of Artemia parthenogenetica collected in Spain, physical maps have been constructed and compared. They are e...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00166162
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody binding site are formed by six hypervariable regions or complementarity determining regions (CDRs). The CDRs, three from the heavy chain and three from the light chain, are known as hypervariable segments and provide a surface complementary to that of the epitope. In recent work it was found that the amino ac...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00175497
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 70-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70) constitutes the most conserved protein present in all organisms that is known to date. Based on global alignment of HSP70 sequences from organisms representing all three domains, numerous sequence signatures that are specific for prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs have been ident...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00182743
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Runs of identical amino acids encoded by triplet repeats (homopolymers) are components of numerous proteins, yet their role is poorly understood. Large numbers of homopolymers are present in the Drosophila melanogaster mastermind (mam) protein surrounding several unique charged amino acid clusters. Comparison of mam s...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160429
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protamine P1 genes have been sequenced by PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing from 9 primates representing 5 major families, Cebidae (new world monkeys), Cercopithecidae (old world monkeys), Hylobatidae (gibbons), Pongidae (gorilla, orangutan, and chimpanzee), and Hominidae (human). In this recently diverged g...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00178872
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-one different caprine and 13 ovine MHC-DRB exon 2 sequences were determined including part of the adjacent introns containing simple repetitive (gt)n(ga)m elements. The positions for highly polymorphic DRB amino acids vary slightly among ungulates and other mammals. From man and mouse to ungulates the basic (gt...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00175503
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies during the last 20 years have shown that the chromosomes of many organisms, especially those of higher vertebrates, consist of a series of segments having different properties. These can be recognized as, for example, G- and R-bands. Recent studies have indicated that genes tend to lie in the R-bands rather th...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02407346
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::HMG boxes were initially identified as DNA-binding domains of the human RNA polymerase I (pol I) transcription factor hUBF and the animal high-mobility-group (HMG) protein family HMG1. Since then, numerous sequences of HMG-box-containing HMG proteins and other DNA-binding proteins from several species have become avai...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02407357
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To clarify the phylogenetic position of Vestimentifera (tube worms), 346-bp fragments of the elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) gene (939-1286 according to the numbering of the human gene) of a vestimentiferan, Lamellibrachia sp., a sternaspid polychaete, Sternaspis scutata, an earthworm, Pheretima sp., and a gast...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00170463
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. We have studied the evolutionary history of the mammalian ODC mRNA, focusing on the rate of accumulation of sequence divergence within specific subregions of the molecule. The phylogenetic relationships among the mRNAs from severa...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00556360
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the previous three reports in this series we demonstrated that the EF-hand family of proteins evolved by a complex pattern of gene duplication, transposition, and splicing. The dendrograms based on exon sequences are nearly identical to those based on protein sequences for troponin C, the essential light chain myos...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02406723
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Segmental pattern in Drosophila melanogaster is set up via a set of cell-cell interactions mediated by the products of the segment polarity genes. Among these is the armadillo gene, whose product seems to be required for the reception of an intercellular signal encoded by the wingless gene. As part of our effort to re...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160477
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Characterization of sequences homologous to the Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element was carried out in Drosophila subobscura (gypsyDS). They were found to be widely distributed among natural populations of this species. From Southern blot and in situ analyses, these sequences appear to be mobile in this...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00166248
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::All modern mammals contain a distinctive, highly repeated (> or = 50,000 members) family of long interspersed repeated DNA called the L1 (LINE 1) family. While the modern L1 families were derived from a common ancestor that predated the mammalian radiation approximately 80 million years ago, most of the members of the...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02407302
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An exhaustive computer-assisted analysis of the Moloney murine leukemia virus nucleotide sequence shows numerous deviations in the oligomeric distribution, suggesting three overlapping levels of a stepwise duplicative evolution. (1) The sequence fits the universal rule of TG/CT excess which has been proposed as the co...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00171820
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Artesian groundwaters of high radionuclide concentration are ubiquitous and may have provided the large, sustained energy sources that were required to drive the multistage process of DNA and primordial cell evolution. The rapid, early development of the genetic code as well as its degeneracy can be attributed to exce...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00161172
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rooted phylogenetic trees for a total of 34 genes encoding the stimulatory (s alpha), inhibitory (i alpha), transducin (t alpha), Gx (x alpha), Gz (z alpha), G11 (alpha 11), G12 (alpha 12), G13 (alpha 13), G16 (alpha 16), Gq (q alpha), and other (o alpha) G protein alpha subunits have been constructed. The analysis sh...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00178599
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00